Reflux [heartburn] is caused by a weakening of the muscles [sphincter] at the
lower end of the oesophagus. Stomach acid flows back into the oesophagus. Persistent
reflux damages the lining and eventually scar tissue builds up causing narrowing
of the oesophagus. Helpful tips to prevent reflux include eating little and raising
the head of the bed. Medical treatment is with proton pump inhibitors e.g. omeprazole
[Losec ®] or lansoprazole [Zoton ®].
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